Professor Nick Lemoine
Director, CRUK Barts Centre Medical Director NIHR Clinical Research Network
I am the Director of Barts Cancer Institute. My groups’ primary research interests are in the genomics and molecular pathology of pancreatic cancer and the development of oncolytic virotherapy.
Professor Fran Balkwill
Professor of Cancer Biology
My key area of interest is in cancer and the tumour microenvironment, especially in ovarian cancer. I study the links between cancer and inflammation and research ways of translating this to clinical trials.
Professor Jack Cuzick
Director, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine
I am the Director of Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine and also Head of Centre for Cancer Prevention. My current interests are in cancer epidemiology and clinical trials, with special interest in prevention and screening.
Professor Stephen Duffy
Professor of Cancer Screening
My research activities are concentrated on cancer screening and early diagnosis. There is potential for considerable saving of lives from cancer if it were diagnosed at an earlier stage.
Professor Jude Fitzgibbon
Professor of Personalised Cancer Medicine
My research group works on molecular pathology, genetics and progression of leukaemia and lymphomas, aiming to improve on current diagnostic, prognostic and treatment strategies.
Professor Trevor Graham
Professor of Cancer Evolution
My lab measures the patterns of clonal evolution that define carcinogenesis and develops novel mathematical tools for analysis and prediction. By characterising tumour evolution, we aim to find better ways to determine prognosis and more effective ways to treat cancers.
Professor Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke
Deputy Institute Director, Professor of the Tumour Microenvironment
Cancers are composed of both tumour and stromal compartments. We are interested in understanding the molecular basis of how the tumour stroma contributes to tumour growth, therapy resistance and spread, in various solid tumours including lung cancers, pancreatic cancer and melanoma.
Professor Hemant Kocher
Professor of Liver and Pancreas Surgery
My clinical research interests include tissue banking, clinical trials, innovative surgical techniques, epidemiology, meta-analysis and patient care pathways. My translational research interests include pancreatic cancer stroma and tumour-stroma cross-talk including cell signalling, adhesion, metastasis and invasion.
Dr Ranjit Manchanda
Consultant Gynaecological Oncologist, Clinical Senior Lecturer
My main research focus is based on the development of population based approaches to genetic testing for risk stratification, cancer prevention and using targeted surgical approaches for cancer prevention in gynaecological cancers.
Professor John F. Marshall
Professor of Tumour Biology
For over 25 years I have studied the biology of tumour invasion with a particular interest in the roles of the adhesion molecules expressed on the cell surface that mediate this process. Our group concentrates on the study of integrins that are the principal family of adhesion molecules that mediate interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM).
Professor Tyson V. Sharp
Professor of Cellular and Molecular Biology
My group’s work focuses on the role of the tumour suppressor protein LIMD1 and its family members Ajuba and WTIP and how their deregulation in normal tissue contributes to the development of lung, renal and breast cancer.
Dr Katiuscia Bianchi
Lecturer
I am interested in all the strategies cancer cells adopt to proliferate and evade cell death, in order to develop new therapeutic strategies. Specifically, my research focuses on how cancer cell metabolism affects tumour growth and investigating how inflammation can drive malignant transformation.
Dr Andrejs Braun
Senior Lecturer
I am interested in the mechanisms of tumour clearance in response to targeted therapy with monoclonal antibodies. I work on antibody therapies for lymphoma and the epigenetics of somatic hypermutation in normal and malignant B cells.
Dr Angus James Cameron
Senior Lecturer
My research focuses on kinases regulating cancer cell growth and motility to understand how and when to target them with drugs. My group is currently examining the role of the PKN kinases in malignant progression.
Professor Claude Chelala
Co-Director, Centre for Computational Biology, LSI; Professor of Bioinformatics
My research interests lie in the area of translational bioinformatics. Current research projects are focused in high-throughput data analysis, integration with clinical data, databases and software development, particularly for pancreatic cancer and breast cancer.
Dr Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic
Reader in Cancer Genomics
My research focuses on molecular pathology of pancreatic cancer, in particular its development and progression. We are using this knowledge to develop biomarkers for early, non-invasive detection of this malignancy in urine specimens.
Dr Pedro R. Cutillas
Reader in Cell Signalling and Proteomics
My research group uses unique proteomics and computational approaches to understand how cell signalling pathways driven by the activity of protein kinases contribute to the development of cancer. Increasing this knowledge will be invaluable in advancing personalised cancer therapies.
Dr Jeff Davies
Reader in Haemato-oncology and Honorary Consultant
My group works on developing novel approaches to improve efficacy and safety of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and adoptive immunotherapy as treatments for blood cancers. We focus on T-cell alloreactivity in the context of stem cell transplantation and immunotherapy.
Dr Gabriella Ficz
Senior Lecturer
My group aims to discover the epigenetic changes taking place during cancer initiation and develop potential drugs that can prevent these changes which may be abnormal but reversible, before many damaging mutations occur.
Dr Susana Godinho
Senior Lecturer
Our research group focuses on understanding how centrosome amplification impacts tumour progression and how we can target cells with amplified centrosomes to develop new cancer therapies.
Professor John Gribben
Professor of Medical Oncology
My group focuses on immunological approaches to the treatment of haematological cancers. My primary research interests include the immunotherapy of cancer (including stem cell transplantation), the identification of B-cell-tumour antigens; and the detection and treatment of minimal residual disease in leukaemia and lymphoma.
Dr Richard Grose
Reader in Cancer Cell Biology
We are interested in how cancer cells interact with each other and the microenvironment. We investigate how cancer cells develop resistance to therapies and design drug combination approaches to overcome this.
Dr Gunnel Halldén
Reader in Cancer Gene Therapy
The research in our team is focused on the development of novel treatment strategies to target prostate and pancreatic cancers using genetically modified viruses that target, replicate and kill cancer cells but leave normal cells unharmed.
Dr Zuzana Horejsi
Lecturer
My lab focuses on discovering functions of phosphorylation induced by damaged DNA in normal and cancer cells, and investigating the role of different phosphorylation events in cancer development.
Dr Li Jia
Senior Lecturer
I am interested in studying the effects of the inflammatory microenvironment on disease progression and resistance to treatment in haematological malignancies with emphasis on survival and mechanisms of treatment resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and B cell lymphoma.
Professor Louise Jones
Professor of Breast Pathology
My research in breast cancer focuses on the progression of in-situ to invasive disease with the aims of identifying markers which can predict behaviour and novel therapeutic targets.
Dr Stéphanie Kermorgant
Reader in Cellular Oncology
My main research interest is in the role of growth factor receptor signalling and trafficking in tumour metastasis. We study compartmental signalling of c-Met in relation to its endosomal trafficking and the effects on tumour cell migration and invasion.
Professor Kamil R. Kranc
Clinical Professor of Haematology
Our research aims to understand the biology of leukaemia stem cells and identify tricks they use to escape treatments. My group employs multidisciplinary approaches to understand how HSCs chose to self-renew or differentiate and how these cell fate decisions are affected under pathological conditions to generate leukaemic stem cells.
Dr Sergey Krysov
Senior Lecturer
My studies concentrate on the immunogenetics of human B cell malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, follicular lymphoma and the role for B cell receptor in the development of B cell lymphoma and leukaemia.
Dr Rifca Le Dieu
Clinical Senior Lecturer
I am the Module Lead for 3 undergraduate Biomedical Science Modules. I am also the Cancer Theme Lead for MBBS with direct responsibility for Year 2 Cancer Week. In addition, I supervise MSc project dissertations.
Dr Michelle Lockley
Reader in Medical Oncology, Honorary Consultant
Our lab aims to improve treatments for women with ovarian cancer, particularly those that are resistant to chemotherapy. We are interested in developing therapies that can adapt to the evolution of chemotherapy resistance over time.
Dr Daniela Loessner
Reader in Bioengineering and Cancer
My research interests are to apply tissue-engineered technologies to study the role of the microenvironment in modulating cancer progression and therapy response. I develop 3D models that mimic the human disease and use this to develop novel therapies.
Professor Yong-Jie Lu
Professor of Molecular Oncology
We aim to identify genetic alterations that influence cancer development, progression and therapeutic responses, in particular prostate cancer, and further develop them into biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic stratification, with a current focus on circulating biomarkers.
Dr Faraz Mardakheh
Lecturer
My lab utilises state-of-art multi-omics methodologies to study how protein synthesis is dysregulated in cancer cells, and how this dysregulation contributes to various stages of cancer progression.
Dr Sarah Martin
Senior Lecturer; Director of Graduate Studies for Research (BCI)
Our research is based on exploiting DNA repair defects in cancer for the identification of new personalised therapies. We use compound and siRNA screening to identify new therapeutics for tumours based on their specific DNA repair status.
Dr Sarah McClelland
Lecturer
My lab aims to understand the mechanisms that underlie numerical and structural chromosome aberrations in cancer at a molecular level, which also involves understanding how normal cells replicate and segregate their genomes.
Dr Stuart McDonald
Senior Lecturer
Our main research areas are focused on understanding the evolution of Barrett’s oesophagus to cancer, field cancerisation of the human stomach, and clonal expansion in ductal carcinoma in situ of the human breast.
Dr Jessica Okosun
Clinical Senior Lecturer
My research focuses on understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms that underlie the initiation and progression of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas in order to define clinically-relevant biomarkers.
Mr Bijendra Patel
Clinical Senior Lecturer
I am a leading expert in establishing higher education degrees for acquiring operative surgical skills by simulation. I pioneered the Masters course in Surgical Skills and Sciences at Barts Cancer Institute and have set up a “Virtual Reality Surgical Simulation Centre” for training surgeons.
Dr Oliver M. Pearce
Lecturer
The focus of our research is the tumour microenvironment and we are particularly interested in understanding the composition and function of the tumour extracellular matrix in immunosuppression. Cancer types we focus on include ovarian and breast cancers.
Dr Barrie Peck
Lecturer
My lab aims to understand the alterations in metabolism that take place in cancer and investigate whether extrinsic factors, such as diet, influence cancer metabolism and disease trajectory. We then want to uncover whether these dependencies can be exploited therapeutically.
Professor Thomas Powles
Professor of Genitourinary Oncology, Director, Barts Cancer Centre, Lead for Solid Tumour Research
My main research interests are in genital and urinary cancers, leading a spectrum of clinical studies from phase I to randomised phase III. The majority of the studies are translational phase II studies investigating novel targeted and immune therapies.
Dr David Propper
Senior Lecturer
My focus is detailed translational trials in pancreatic cancer. I work with scientists within the BCI in crosscutting themes targeting the tumour microenvironment, with approaches including immune therapies, stem cell, stromal and vascular targeting.
Dr Prabhakar Rajan
Clinical Senior Lecturer in Urology
My laboratory research explores alternative pre-mRNA splicing in prostate cancer (PCa) biology, transcriptomic changes during PCa treatment, and liquid biopsy molecular biomarkers of treatment outcomes. My clinical research investigates patterns of treatment outcomes for PCa patients.
Dr Paulo Ribeiro
Senior Lecturer
Our research group is interested in uncovering the molecular mechanisms regulating tissue growth, invasion and metastasis using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a genetically tractable model organism.
Dr John Riches
Clinical Senior Lecturer
My major research interest is understanding the metabolism of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphoma with the aim that this will underpin the development of the next generation of anti-metabolic drugs for these diseases.
Dr Kevin Rouault-Pierre
Lecturer
My main research interests are in haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemic initiating cells. I seek to understand how intrinsic and extrinsic signals are integrated by normal and malignant stem cells.
Professor Peter Szlosarek
Professor of Medical Oncology
My main research interest is in exploring why ASS1 is aberrantly expressed in human cancers and how this knowledge may be exploited for anticancer therapy. I lead an active translational programme from bench to bedside of the arginine-depleting agent ADI-PEG20 in several hard-to-treat cancers.
Professor Victoria Sanz-Moreno
Professor of Cancer Cell Biology
Our research focuses on how the cytoskeleton of cancer cells regulates transcriptional rewiring during tumour growth and dissemination. We aim to understand how such rewiring affects the tumour microenvironment.
Professor Peter Schmid
Professor of Cancer Medicine
My research interests primarily focus on breast cancer, lung cancer and early drug development. I oversee clinical and translational research on immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immune strategies.
Dr Jane Sosabowski
Senior Lecturer in Preclinical Molecular Imaging
My main interests are in radiopharmaceutical development and the use of pre-clinical molecular imaging in drug development, especially biopharmaceuticals. The lab has a long-standing interest in imaging CCK-2 and GRP receptors which are overexpressed in a number of tumour types.
Dr Jun Wang
Lecturer
My main research interests lie in applying bioinformatics and computational approaches to analyse large-scale cancer datasets to uncover novel diagnostic and prognostic features. I also lead the CRUK Barts Centre Bioinformatics Core Facility.
Professor Yaohe Wang
Professor of Cancer Cell and Gene Therapy
We work on cancer prevention and immunotherapy using tumour-targeted replicating oncolytic viruses, in particular focusing on replicating adenovirus and vaccinia virus.
Dr Bela Wrench
Clinical Senior Lecturer
My research focuses on the fundamental aspects of leukaemia initiating cell (LIC) biology in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, with the aim of gaining fundamental insight into the underlying biology of LICs to reveal dependencies that are tractable targets for therapy.
Professor Ian Hart
Emeritus Professor of Tumour Biology
My main research interests have included how malignant cancers are able to invade, spread and metastasise and my research has focused on gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in cancer progression.
Dr Simon Joel
Emeritus Reader in Cancer Pharmacology
Professor Andrew Lister
Emeritus Professor
My main interests are the development of improved therapy for lymphoma and leukaemia. I am Emeritus Gordon Hamilton Professor of Medical Oncology in the Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London.
Professor Tim Oliver
Emeritus Professor
Professor Rodney Reznek
Emeritus Professor
My main interests are in cancer imaging and imaging of endocrine disease. I am currently Professor Emeritus at the Barts Cancer Institute in Queen Mary University of London
Professor Anna Rohatiner
Emeritus Professor
Professor Sir Nicholas Wright
Emeritus Professor of Histopathology
My research interests include clonal evolution in colorectal adenomas and inflammation-associated cancer, the nature of Barrett’s glands, and the design of methods to explore neutral drift in stem cell divisions in normal human tissues.
Professor Bryan Young
Emeritus Professor
Dr Michael Allen
My research focuses on understanding the progression of early breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ – DCIS) to invasive disease and the role of the microenvironment in this process.
Dr Ann-Marie Baker
I am interested in understanding tumour evolution and stem cell biology within the human colon.
Dr Opeoluwa Banwo
My research is focused on clinical informatics for the Pancreatic Cancer Research Fund Tissue Bank (PCRFTB).
Dr Findlay Redvers Bewicke-Copley
My work is currently focused on lymphoma, working on variant calling and gene expression analysis of NGS data.
Dr Katia Bouchekioua-Bouzaghou
My project aims to investigate how resistance mechanisms are acquired to a number of CDK4/6 inhibitors and to pinpoint new targets for therapy.
Dr Juliana Candido
My research project aims to study the role of the immune cell infiltration in the tumour microenvironment of pancreatic cancer.
Dr Edward Carter
My research is focused on understanding the early stages of breast cancer by using normal human breast cells obtained through the Breast Cancer Now tissue bank as building blocks to recreate a human breast duct in the laboratory environment.
Dr Pedro Casado-Izquierdo
My work is based on studying signalling networks in AML primary samples in order to predict responses to kinase inhibitors.
Dr Natasha Clayton
Investigating the intracellular signalling mechanisms underlying the development of resistance to therapeutic RTK inhibitors, particularly in FGFR-driven cancers.
Dr Marta Crespi-Sallan
My research is focused on describing the mechanisms underlying Lamin B1 nuclear disassembly in B-cell normal development and how a dis-regulated Lamin B1 removal pathway could lead to several haematological malignancies within the germinal centre in secondary lymph organs.
Dr William Charles Hemming Cross
I am currently working on several projects related to colorectal cancer and its premalignant stages, including sporadic adenomas and inflammatory bowel disease.
Dr Gabriela d’Amico Lago
My work is focused on understanding the roles of kinase and non-kinase motifs of FAK in controlling physiological angiogenesis in vivo. Overall my goal is to understand how to best control tumour blood vessels in the regulation of cancer.
Dr Silvana Debernardi
My work focuses on the global analysis of miRNA in pancreatic cancer and developing miRNA biomarkers for early detection of this malignancy.
Dr Maria Dermit
Using a multi-omics approach, my aim is to systematically reveal the relationship between RNA localisation and protein expression in mammalian cells, and assess how RNA localisation might be dysregulated in cancer cells in order to promote a more malignant phenotype.
Dr Daniel Friedman
My research is focused on investigating the crosstalk between immune cell subsets in the tumour microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Dr Emanuela Gadaleta
We are updating the bioinformatics data management system, expanding the analytical modules and functionalities, developing purpose-built graphical pug-ins and designing the bioinformatics infrastructure to allow the querying and analysis of data returned from projects using BCNTB tissues.
Dr Ganga Gopinathan
My research project aims to investigate the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 as a major target in high grade serous carcinoma, with the hope of identifying targeted therapies for treatment.
Dr Damien Goutte-Gattat
I am using fruit flies to investigate the role of tumour heterogeneity in the development of glioblastoma and the acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy.
Dr Miguel Hermida
My project studies the influence that the loss of the tumour suppressor protein LIMD1 has in renal and lung cancers by identifying selective drugs, targets and the cell signalling involved in order to improve the current therapy.
Dr Sara Farrah Heuss
My work focuses on c-Met signalling on endosomes in pancreatic cancer, and to evaluate how it can be exploited to benefit pancreatic cancer patients.
Dr James Heward
My research focuses on characterising epigenetic therapies for the “epigenetically addicted” germinal centre lymphomas.
Dr Quentin Heydt
My research focuses on the fundamental aspects of leukaemia initiating cell biology in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Dr Maruan Hijazi-Vega
My work is focused on producing systematic classification of phosphorylation sites detectable by mass spectrometry that will provide new insights into the complexity and topology of kinase signalling.
Dr Roxana Kashani
My research involves the conjugation and radiolabelling of antibodies, small proteins and peptides with radioisotopes followed by HPLC/TLC validation and in vitro radioligand binding assays.
Dr Faraz Khan
Bioinformatician
I am a Bioinformatician working on the development of pipelines for NGS data analysis, including mutational calling, Single-Cell RNA-seq, ChIP peak calling and methylation, variant annotation and prioritisation, as well as multi-layer data integration strategy and tools.
Dr Florian Laforets
My research in Prof Balkwill’s group focuses on imaging tumour-associated macrophages and other immune cells in live ex vivo tumour slices, in order to assess their behaviour and the impact of immunotherapies on the live tumour microenvironment.
Dr Eszter Lakatos
I apply bioinformatic techniques and mathematical modelling to understand the evolutionary processes in colorectal cancer. My research focuses on the trade-offs a growing tumour population has to face for efficient growth and survival.
Dr Eleni Maniati
My research project aims to integrate multi-omic molecular and histological data datasets of the microenvironment of HGSOC metastases. This work will allow us to identify key microenvironmental components and pathways that sustain and promote tumours.
Dr Alice Mazzagatti
Our work aims to better understand aneuploidy tolerance in cancer, in particular with regard to monosomy in AML.
Dr Maximilian Mossner
My research is focussed on the disturbed epigenomic landscape within pancreatic tumours.
In particular, I investigate the bi-directional epigenetic reprogramming between the tumour microenvironment and pancreatic cancer stem cells that leads to cooperative tumour outgrowth.
Dr Jose Munoz-Felix
My main project is to use a CRIPSR screen to identify novel vascular promotion/chemosensitisation targets. Additionally, I am investigating the utility of this approach in the treatment of other fibrotic diseases.
Dr Marie Nollet
The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase c-Met continues its signalling life cycle post-endocytosis. Our group has shown that internalised c-Met traffics through endomembranes positive for LC3B and Beclin1. Furthermore, c-Met sustains signalling from Autophagy Related Endomembranes, ARE. We hypothesised therefore that the AREs supporting c-Met trafficking and signalling belong to a novel non-canonical pathway .
Dr Jorge Oscanoa
I am developing SNPnexus, a software dedicated to improving our understanding of the functional role of genetic variations to prioritise clinically relevant ones facilitating the promise of precision medicine.
Dr Giuseppe Palladino
The goal of my research is to understand the mechanisms that determine the course of cancer evolution. My current focus is the investigation of the transcriptional and the epigenetic regulation arising during the evolution and progression of follicular lymphoma.
Dr Rita Pedrosa
My work will identify other players in the regulation of angiocrine signalling using a CRISPR screen. I will also explore the molecular mechanisms underlying how FAK controls angiocrine signalling.
Dr Stefano Pirro
My research focuses on enhancing the freely-available Breast Cancer Now Tissue Bank bioinformatics portal (BCNTBbp) and its analytical layer to build a ‘multi-omic’ integration system for BCNTB returned data.
Dr Deepak Raj
I work on developing preclinical models of chimeric antigen receptors for cell therapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Dr Ana Rio-Machin
My research project aims to identify germline mutations in families with leukaemia of unknown aetiology and study the intra and inter leukaemia heterogeneity observed in these families, through examination of clonal evolution and secondary genetic events.
Dr Helen Ross-Adams
The aim of my work is to develop clinically-relevant biomarkers that could aid in earlier disease detection, predict treatment response, and inform clinical management of patients.
Dr Michael Rushton
The aim of my research is to use the reprogramming of primed embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from the embryo inner cell mass (ICM) to ground state ESCs as a tool for elucidating the mechanisms involved in the regulation of DNA demethylation.
Dr Emily Saunderson
I am interested in understanding whether epigenetics can play a driving role in the transition from normal to transformed cells in the breast.
Dr Jayeta Saxena
My research is focused on using a novel panel of chemo-resistant high grade serous ovarian cancer cells to discover new treatments that resensitise our cells to cis- and carboplatin.
Dr Kunal Shah
I am studying how the tumour suppressor gene LIMD1 functions in the microRNA pathway, a gene regulatory pathway that is often dysregulated in cancer.
Dr Nadeem Shaikh
We are using a variety of molecular and cytological techniques to study the mechanisms underlying chromosomal instability (CIN) in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) that allow these highly adaptable tumours to become drug resistant.
Dr Alice Shia
My main research focus is investigating the changes in circulating nucleic acids in blood samples from patients recruited in clinical trials. We are interested in how we can use non-invasive techniques to detect changes in tumour DNA and correlate that to patient outcome.
Dr Vera Silva
I am trying to understand how new drugs in combination with carboplatin can help bypass therapy resistance in ovarian cancer.
Dr Filomena Spada
My research involves using mass cytometry based analysis to characterise the interaction, activation, and signalling capacity of B and T-cells in CLL and other B-cell malignancies.
Dr Naoka Taylor
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) represents the major subtype of ovarian cancer and displays high levels of chromosomal instability.
We are collaborating with the Balkwill and Lockley laboratories to investigate mechanisms driving chromosomal instability in gynaecological cancers.
Dr Graeme Thorn
My research focuses on the bioinformatic analyses of DNA methylation of circulating tumour DNA and the use of DNA methylation as a biomarker for breast cancer prognosis.
Dr Dayem Ullah
My role focuses on the design and implementation of a data management system for a pancreatic tissue bank hosted by the Institute.
My interest also lies in the development of various web-based computational analyses and data mining tools for biological research.
Dr Louie van de Lagemaat
I use computational biology techniques to understand how normal RNA regulatory mechanisms used in development are hijacked in cancers.
Dr Marc Williams
I apply mathematical and computational approaches to understanding cancer evolution. A lot of my work is inspired by population genetics and evolutionary biology and I have been developing ways to adapt methods and theories from these fields to the study of cancer as an evolutionary system.
Dr Chrysi Xintaropoulou
The aim of my research is to elucidate the biology of leukaemia initiating cells, responsible for disease recurrence, in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.